What was Civil Engineering?

Was Civil War Surgery Effective?

During the U. S. Civil War (1861-65) surgeons performed a vast number of surgical procedures. The efficacy of surgery has been continually debated since the war began, in part because of lack of evidence for the (in)effectiveness of surgery. I analyze data gathered by Dr. Edmund Andrews, a surgeon with the 1st Illinois Light Artillery. The data can be arranged as observational data on surgery a...

Civil Engineering Design Content

Civil Engineering (CIVE)

CIVE 221 GEOMETRIC CONTRL SYS (3 credits) Introduction to the theory and application of mensuration and geometric information processing in civil engineering. Measurement of distance, direction, elevation and location using mechanical, electronic and satellite systems; collection of field data, error propagation; elementary geometric data bases for design, construction, operation and control of...

Understanding what was said

On the most prominent account, understanding what was said is propositional knowledge of what was said. I defend an alternative on which understanding is a distinctive form of engagement with what was said. The knowledge account has been supported by its capacity to explain testimonial knowledge transmission. I argue that my account provides a superior explanation.

What Is (Was) Alchemy?∗

A serious scientific journal seems to be the wrong place for a paper on alchemy. However, we believe that the history of science includes knowledge of the complex relations between specific scientific disciplines and what is called the “world-view” (Weltanschauung): the image of the world corresponding to a given stage of cultural development. The world-view, born of the “marriage” of Aristotle...